NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Social Science Economics Chapter 1 The story of village palampur
NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Social Science Economics Chapter 1 The story of village Palampur
Economics Class 9 Ncert Solutions Chapter 1 The story of village Palampur
Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 Question-1
Modern farming methods require more inputs, which are manufactured in industry. Do you agree?
Solution:
No doubt, modern farming requires more inputs than traditional farming. These are:
- chemical fertilizers
- pesticides
- pump sets
- farm machinery
- electricity
- diesel
- HYV seeds
- water supply
Most of these inputs like fertilizers, tools, and implements are manufactured in industry. HYV seeds are developed in agriculture research laboratories. Machine industry provides various kinds of implements, irrigation pumps, and farming machinery to improve productivity and minimize farming efforts. Chemical and soil engineering-based industries provide fertilizers and pesticides to boost agriculture. Water supply is done by canals and tanks. Electricity is supplied by powerhouses.
Question-2
How did the spread of electricity help farmers in Palampur?
Solution:
The spread of electricity helped the farmers in Palampur in the following ways:
- Most of the houses have electricity connections.
- It is used to run tubewells in the fields.
- It is used in various types of small businesses.
Is it important to increase the area under irrigation? Why?
Solution:
Irrigation facilities are available only to about 40% of the cultivated land area in the country. The rest of the land, i.e., 60% of the cultivated area, is still dependent on rainfall for irrigation. It means that the benefit of multiple cropping cannot be achieved by 60% of the farmers in the country. They produce less and so their income is also low. Thus, they live in poverty.
Therefore, if these farmers are to be brought out of poverty, farm productivity has to increase. This is only possible when they use modern farming methods and dependable irrigation facilities. Hence, it is important to increase the area under irrigation.
Question-4
Why are the wages for farm labourers in Palampur less than minimum wages?
Solution:
A waged labourer might be employed on a daily basis, or for one particular farm activity like harvesting, or for the whole year. Most small farmers have to borrow money to arrange for the capital. They borrow from large farmers or the village moneylenders or the traders who supply various inputs for cultivation. The rate of interest on such loans is very high. They are put to great distress to repay the loan. Hence they pay very low wages to the farm labourers.
Question-5
What are the different ways of increasing production on the same piece of land? Use examples to Explain.
Solution:
To grow more than one crop on a piece of land during the year is known as multiple cropping. It is the most common way of increasing production on a given piece of land. All farmers in Palampur grow at least two main crops; many are growing potato as the third crop in the past fifteen to twenty years.
Question-6
How do the medium and large farmers obtain capital for farming? How is it different from the small farmers?
Solution:
In contrast to the small farmers, the medium and large farmers have their own savings from farming. They are thus able to arrange for the capital needed.
Question-7
On what terms did Savita get a loan from Tajpal Singh? Would Savita’s condition be different if she could get a loan from the bank at a low rate of interest?
Solution:
Savita was a small farmer. She planed to cultivate wheat on her 1-hectare land. Besides seeds, fertilizers and pesticides, she needed cash to buy water and repair her farm instruments. She estimated that his working capital itself would cost a minimum of Rs 3,000. She didn’t have the money, so she decided to borrow from Tejpal Singh, a large farmer. Tejpal Singh agreed to give Savita the loan at an interest rate of 24 percent for four months, which was a very high-interest rate.
Savita also had to promise to work on his field as a farm labourer during the harvest season at Rs 35 per day. Savita knew that this wage is quite low and she will have to work very hard to complete harvesting on her own field, and then work as a farm labourer for Tejpal Singh. Savita agreed to those tough conditions, as she knew, that getting a loan is difficult for a small farmer. Yes, Savita’s condition would have been different if she could get a loan from the bank at a low rate of interest.
Question-8
What can be done so that more non-farm production activities can be started in villages?
Solution:
The villagers must be made aware of the non-farm production activities and their benefits. They must also be taught the methods of doing such activities. The villagers who have the impression that they can earn only by farming, must be given proper guidance and help to do such activities.
NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Economics Chapter 1 The Story of Village Palampur
NCERT QUESTIONS
Exercises
Question 1.
Every village in India is surveyed once in ten years during the Census and some of details are presented in the following format. Fill up the following based on information on Palampur.
(a) Location:
(b) Total area of the village:
(c) Land use (in hectares):
| Cultivated Land | Land not available for cultivation (Area covering dwellings, roads, ponds, grazing ground) | |
| Irrigated | Unirrigated | |
| 26 hectares | ||
(d) Facilities:
| Education | |
| Medical | |
| Market | |
| Electricity Supply | |
| Communication | |
| Nearest Town |
Answer:
(a) Location: 3 kms away from Raiganj (a big village) and further on to the nearest small town of Shahpur.
(b) Total area of the village: 226 hectares
(c)
| Cultivated Land | Land not available for cultivation (Area covering dwellings, roads, ponds, grazing ground) | |
| Irrigated | Unirrigated | |
| 200 hectares | NIL | 26 hectares |
(d) Facilities:
| Education | Two primary schools and one high school |
| Medical | One government primary health centre and one private dispensary |
| Market | Some general stores and shops selling eatables |
| Electricity Supply | Most of the houses have electricity |
| Communication | Posts, telephone and television |
| Nearest Town | Shahpur |
Question 2.
Modern farming methods require more inputs which are manufactured in industry. Do you agree?
Answer:
Yes, I agree that modern farming methods require more inputs than traditional farming. It requires inputs like chemical fertilizers, pesticides, pump sets, farm machinery, electricity, high yielding varieties of seeds, and water supply. Most of these outputs are manufactured in industries. Similarly, water supply is provided by canals and tanks.
Question 3.
How did the spread of electricity help farmers of Palampur?
Answer:
Electricity came early to Palampur. Its major impact was to transform the system of irrigation. In Palampur, electricity powers all the tube wells in the fields and is used in various types of small businesses. People say that the electric-run tubewells could irrigate much more than the ordinary ones.
Question 4.
Is it important to increase the area under irrigation? Why?
Answer:
Yes, it is important to increase the area under irrigation because if a country has to increase its production it has to increase the irrigational area.
Question 5.
Construct a table on the distribution of land among the 450 families of Palampur.
Answer:
Distribution of land among 450 families of Palampur is as follows:
| Land (in hectares) | No. of families |
| 0 | 150 |
| Less than 2 | 240 |
| More than 2 | 60 |
| Total | 450 |
Question 6.
Why are the wages for farm labourers in Palampur less than minimum wages?
Answer:
The wages for farm labourers in Palampur are less than the minimum wages because:
- There is heavy competition for work among the farmers.
- Employment is less and farmers are more and, therefore, farmers have to be content with what they are earning.
- Land is owned by landlords who desire to earn more and more profit by giving minimum wages.
- The farmers are illiterate and unaware of the amount of minimum wages set by the government.
Question 7.
In your region, talk to two labourers. Choose either farm labourers or labourers working at construction sites. What wages do they get? Are they paid in cash or kind? Do they get work regularly? Are they in debt?
Answer:
To be attempted by the students themselves.
Question 8.
What are the different ways of increasing production on the same piece of land? Use examples to explain.
Answer:
The land area under cultivation is practically fixed so in order to increase the production from a same piece of land, we can use the following methods:
Multiple cropping. It is the most common way of increasing production on a given piece of land. It means when two or more crops are grown on the same piece of land during a year, i.e., Indian farmers should grow at least two main crops in a year. In India, some farmers are growing third crop also over the past 20 years such as in Palampur jowar and bajra are grown and potato is the third crop.
Modern farming methods. Production on the same piece of land can also be increased by adopting modern farming methods. The Green Revolution in India is a remarkable example of it. Under modern farming, more cultivable area should be brought under high yielding varieties of seeds and irrigation. The use of simple wooden plough must be replaced by tractors and with increased use of farm machinery such as tractors, threshers and harvesters, make cultivation faster and also help in increasing yield per hectare.
Question 9.
Describe the work of a farmer with 1 hectare of land.
Answer:
A farmer who works on 1 hectare of land is called a small farmer. He carries out the following activities:
- Ploughs the field by bullocks or tractors
- Sows the seeds by simply sprinkling by hands
- Waters the field with the help of a Persian wheel
- Sprays the insecticides by manual pumps
- Cuts the crops by hand-operated tools
Question 10.
How do the medium and large farmers obtain capital for farming? How is it different from the small farmers?
Answer:
All farmers require capital during production. They require fixed as well as working capital. The medium and large farmers have their own savings from farming. They are able to arrange for their own capital. They sell their surplus in the market. A part of this is saved and the rest is used to buy machinery and other raw materials or lend it to the small farmers to make more profit.
Whereas small farmers have to borrow money to arrange for capital. They borrow from large farmers, moneylenders and traders who supply them various inputs for cultivation. They are charged very high rate of interest by these moneylenders and traders or even the large farmers.
Question 11.
On what terms did Savita get a loan from Tejpal Singh? Would Savita’s condition be different if she could get a loan from the bank at a low rate of interest?
Answer:
The terms of loan of Savita taken from Tejpal Singh are:
- She took loan of ₹ 3.000 at an interest rate of 24 percent.
- She would have to repay the loan in four months.
- She also has to work on Tejpal’s field as a farm labourer during the harvesting season at ₹ 35 per day.
The bank could have provided her loan at a low rate of interest. In addition, she would have devoted more time to her own field of 1 hectare, instead of working as a farm labourer for Tejpal Singh.
Question 12.
Talk to some old residents of your region and write a short report on the changes in irrigation and changes in production methods during the last 30 years.
Answer:
To be attempted by the students themselves.
Question 13.
What are the non-farm production activities taking place in your region? Make a shortlist.
Answer:
To be attempted by the students themselves.
Question 14.
What can be done so that more non-farm activities can be started in villages?
Answer:
At present, there are not so many farm activities in the villages. Out of every 100 workers in rural areas of India, only 24 workers are engaged in non-farm activities.
The steps that can be taken are:
- Supply of electricity in villages needs to be improved. This will encourage the establishment of small-scale industries.
- More villages should be connected to the towns and cities, through all-weather road transport
and telephonic systems. - The villages should have markets where goods and services produced can be sold such as in Palampur, neighbouring towns and cities provide markets for milk, jaggery, and wheat.
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